Since the mid-1960s, filmmakers such as Michael Snow produced works where simplicity was key. This tendency was labelled structural film. The four main characteristics of structural film are “fixed camera position, the flicker effect, looping, and offscreen photography. Snow is described by critics as the “dean of structural film-makers” who utilizes the tension in his well-known film Wavelength’s with a fixed tripod filming technique”. Where the principal theme of Wavelength is questioning the cinematic institution of the subject of film rather than the apparatus of film-making itself.